- 2-1-1 Tn
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- Flush Memory 2 1 1 Download Free Download
- Flush Memory 2 1 1 download free. full Game
Android supports devices with 512 MB of RAM. This documentation is intendedto help OEMs optimize and configure Android kernel 4.4 for low-memory devices. Severalof these optimizations are generic enough that they can be applied to previousreleases as well.
Force Clear iPhone Memory So, when you wish free up your iOS device's RAM perform this simple trick: Step 1: From any screen, press & hold the Sleep/Wake button, until the iPhone's Shutdown screen comes up. (I'm talking about the Power button available at the top of your device, if you're owning an iPhone 5S or earlier version. Thanks to Flush Memory you can prevent system slowdowns and free up your RAM with just a few mouse clicks. The low-key app lives in your Mac's status bar form which you can quickly access its menu. From Flush Memory's main window as well as from it's status bar menu you can view the free, active, wired.
Android kernel 4.4 platform optimizations
Improved memory management
- Validated memory-saving kernel configurations: Swap to zram.
- Kill cached processes if about to be uncached and too large.
- Don't allow large services to put themselves back into the A Services classification (so theycan't cause the launcher to be killed).
- Kill processes (even ordinarily unkillable ones such as the current IME)that get too large in idle maintenance.
- Serialize the launch of background services.
- Tune memory use of low-RAM devices: tighter out-of-memory (OOM) adjustmentlevels, smaller graphics caches.
Reduced system memory
- Trimmed
system_server
and System UI processes (saved several megabytes). - Preload dex caches in Dalvik (saved several megabytes).
- Validated JIT-off option (saves up to 1.5 MB per process).
- Reduced per-process font cache overhead.
- Introduced
ArrayMap
/ArraySet
and used extensively in framework as a lighter-footprint replacement forHashMap
/HashSet
.
Procstats
Added a developer option to show memory state and app memory usageranked by how often they run and the amount of memory consumed.
API
2-1-1 Tn
Added ActivityManager.isLowRamDevice()
to allow apps to detectwhen running on low-memory devices and choose to disable large-RAM features.
Memory tracking
Added memtrack HAL to track graphics memory allocations, additional informationin dumpsys
meminfo, clarified summaries in meminfo (for example, reported freeRAM includes RAM of cached processes, so that OEMs don't try to optimize thewrong thing).
Build-time configuration
Low RAM Device flag
TheActivityManager.isLowRamDevice()
flag determines if apps should turn offspecific memory-intensive features that work poorly on low-memory devices.
For 512 MB devices, this flag is expected to return true
. It can be enabled bythe following system property in the device makefile.
Launcher Configs
The default wallpaper setup on launcher shouldn'tuse live wallpaper. Low-memory devices shouldn't pre-install any live wallpapers.
Kernel configuration
Tuning kernel/ActivityManager to reduce direct reclaim
Direct reclaim happens when a process or the kernel tries to allocate a page of memory (either directly or due to faulting in a new page) and the kernel has used all available free memory. This requires the kernel to block the allocation while it frees up a page. This in turn often requires disk I/O to flush out a dirty file-backed page or wait for lowmemorykiller
to kill a process. This can result in extra I/O in any thread, including a UI thread.
To avoid direct reclaim, the kernel has watermarks that trigger kswapd
or background reclaim. This is a thread that tries to free up pages so the next time a real thread allocates, it can succeed quickly.
The default threshold to trigger background reclaim is fairly low, around 2 MB on a 2 GB device and 636 KB on a 512 MB device. The kernel reclaims only a few megabytes of memory in background reclaim. This means any process that quickly allocates more than a few megabytes is going to quickly hit direct reclaim.
Support for a kernel tunable is added in the Android-3.4 kernel branch as patch 92189d47f66c67e5fd92eafaa287e153197a454f ('add extra free kbytes tunable'). Cherry-picking this patch to a device's kernel allows ActivityManager
to tell the kernel to try to keep three full-screen 32 bpp buffers of memory free.
These thresholds can be configured with the config.xml
framework.
Tuning LowMemoryKiller
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ActivityManager
configures the thresholds of the LowMemoryKiller to match itsexpectation of the working set of file-backed pages (cached pages) required torun the processes in each priority level bucket. If a device has highrequirements for the working set, for example if the vendor UI requires morememory or if more services have been added, the thresholds can be increased.
The thresholds can be reduced if too much memory is being reserved for file-backed pages, so thatbackground processes are being killed long before disk thrashing would occur due to the cachegetting too small.
Swap to zram
zram swap can increase the amount of memory available in the system bycompressing memory pages and putting them in a dynamically allocated swap areaof memory. Since this is trading off CPU time for a small increase in memory, youshould be careful about measuring the performance impact zram swap has on yoursystem.
Android handles swap to zram at several levels:
- First, the following kernel options must be enabled to use zram swap effectively:
CONFIG_SWAP
CONFIG_ZRAM
- Then, you should add a line that looks like this to your fstab:
zramsize
is mandatory and indicates how much uncompressed memory you want the zram area to hold. Compression ratios in the 30-50% range are usually observed.swapprio
is only needed if you don't have more than one swap area.
Label the associated block device as a
swap_block_device
in the device-specificsepolicy/file_contexts
so that it's treated properly by SELinux. - By default, the Linux kernel swaps in eight pages of memory at a time. When using zram, the incremental cost of reading one page at a time is negligible and may help if the device is under extreme memory pressure. To read only one page at a time, add the following to your
init.rc
: - In your
init.rc
after themount_all /fstab.X
line, add: - The memory cgroups are automatically configured at boot time if the feature is enabled in the kernel.
- If memory cgroups are available,
ActivityManager
marks lower-priority threads as being more swappable than other threads. If memory is needed, the Android kernel starts migrating memory pages to zram swap, giving a higher priority to the memory pages that have been marked byActivityManager
.
Carveouts, Ion, and contiguous memory allocation (CMA)
On low-memory devices, it's important to be mindful aboutcarveouts, especially those that aren't fully used, such as a carveout forsecure video playback. There are several solutions to minimize the impactof your carveout regions that depend on the exact requirements of yourhardware.
If hardware permits discontiguous memory allocations, the Ion system heapallows memory allocations from system memory,eliminating the need for a carveout. Ion also attempts to make largeallocations to eliminate translation lookaside buffer (TLB) pressure onperipherals. If memory regions must be contiguous or confined to a specificaddress range, the CMA can be used.
This creates a carveout that the system can also use for movable pages.When the region is needed, movable pages are migrated out of it, allowingthe system to use a large carveout for other purposes when it's free. You canuse CMA directly with the Ion CMA heap.
App optimization tips
- Review Manage your app's memory and these blog posts:
- Avoiding memory leaks
- Memory Analysis for Android Applications
- Track memory allocations
- Lint Performance Checks
- Remove any unused assets from preinstalled apps using
development/tools/findunused
(this should help make the app smaller). - Use the PNG format for assets, especially when they have transparent areas.
- If writing native code, use
calloc()
rather thanmalloc
/memset
. - Don't enable code that writes Parcel data to disk and reads it later.
- Use SSP filtering instead of subscribing to every package installed. Addfiltering like this:
Understand the various process states in Android
State | Meaning | Details |
---|---|---|
SERVICE SERVICE_RESTARTING | Apps that run in the background for app-related reasons. | SERVICE SERVICE_RESTARTING are the most common problems apps have when they run in the background too much. Use %duration * pss or %duration as a 'badness' metric. Ideally, these apps shouldn't be running at all. |
IMPORTANT_FOREGROUND RECEIVER | Apps running in the background (not directly interacting with the user). | These add memory load to the system. Use the (%duration * pss) 'badness' value to order these processes. However, many of these apps run for good reasons. The size of pss is an important part of their memory load. |
PERSISTENT | Persistent system process. | Track pss to watch for these processes getting too large. |
TOP | The process the user is currently interacting with. | pss is the important metric here, showing how much memory load the app creates while in use. |
HOME CACHED_EMPTY | The processes the system is keeping around in case they are needed again. | These processes can be freely killed at any time and recreated if needed. The memory state (normal, moderate, low, critical) is computed based on how many of these processes the system is running. The key metric for these processes is the pss. In this state, these processes should decrease their memory footprint as much as possible to allow for the maximum total number of processes to be kept around. In this state, a well behaved app generally has a significantly smaller pss footprint than it does in the TOP state. |
CACHED_ACTIVITY CACHED_ACTIVITY_CLIENT | When compared with TOP , these show how well an app releases memory into the background. | Excluding CACHED_EMPTY state makes this data better, because it removes situations when the process has started for some reasons besides interacting with the user. This eliminates dealing with the UI overhead CACHED_EMPTY gets when user-related activities. |
Analysis
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Analyzing app startup time
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To analyze your app's startup time, run $ adb shell am start -P
or --start-profiler
and start your app. The profiler starts after the process is forked from the zygote and before any code is loaded into the fork.
Analyzing using bug reports
Bug reports contain several services, including batterystats
,netstats
, procstats
, and usagestats
, whichcan be used for debugging. Reports can include lines like this:
Checking for any persistent processes
To check for any persistent processes, reboot the device and check theprocesses. Then, run the device for a few hours and check the processes again.There shouldn't be any long-running processes between the two checks.
Running longevity tests
To run longevity tests, run the device for longer durations and track the memory of the processes to determine if it increases or stays constant. Then create canonical use cases and run longevity tests on these scenarios.